3. demurrage and detention
As with the previous article, delays in clearing cargo or returning equipment can rack up charges fast. Planning ahead and working with an experienced forwarder helps avoid these penalties.
4. Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) and Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF)
Fuel price fluctuations and currency variations can affect freight costs. Some quotes exclude these factors, leaving you vulnerable to sudden rate hikes.
5. Port Congestion Surcharges
Busy ports often impose congestion fees when terminals are overloaded. These can be applied with little notice and significantly affect your bottom line.